critical CVSS 9.8 EPSS 0.48%

CVE-2026-85594·Traefik vulnerability

Traefik versions from v3.7.1 fail to enforce crossProviderNamespaces restrictions on the traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/service.middlewares Service annotation in the Kubernetes Ingress provider. A namespace-limited tenant excluded from the allowlist can attach an operator-owned middleware to its Service, and if that middleware injects backend credentials, recover them at a controlled backend.

Severity
critical
Software
Traefik
Fixed in
3.7.11
Published

How likely is exploitation

FIRST's Exploit Prediction Scoring System puts the probability of this CVE being exploited in the next 30 days at 0.48% — higher than 39% of all published CVEs. EPSS is an independent forecast of exploitation, not a severity rating: it says nothing about how much damage a successful attack does, which is what a CVSS score measures.

Read the two together. CVE-2026-85594 scores 9.8 on CVSS, so a successful attack would be serious — but at 0.48%, almost nobody is currently attempting it. That is a different situation from a flaw under mass exploitation, and it is usually the difference between patching on your next maintenance window and patching tonight.

Affected versions

Until: 3.7.11

Fixed in: 3.7.11

How to fix this CVE

Upgrade Traefik to version 3.7.11 or later to fix the crossProviderNamespaces enforcement bypass in the Kubernetes Ingress provider. This update restores proper namespace isolation controls that prevent restricted tenants from leveraging operator-owned middlewares to access backend credentials. Organizations running Traefik in multi-tenant Kubernetes environments should prioritize this patch to prevent unauthorized credential exposure.

sudo dnf update traefik || sudo dnf install traefik

Defensia detects this vulnerability

How to check if you are affected

  1. Step 1: Run `traefik version` or check `/opt/traefik/traefik --version` to determine the installed version and confirm if it is below 3.7.11
  2. Step 2: Verify Kubernetes Ingress provider is enabled by checking Traefik configuration files for `[providers.kubernetesIngress]` or similar provider blocks
  3. Step 3: Search Traefik logs for unauthorized middleware attachment attempts using `grep -i 'service.middlewares' /var/log/traefik/*.log` to identify suspicious annotation usage
  4. Step 4: Confirm the patch was applied by running `traefik version` again and verifying the version string shows 3.7.11 or higher

FAQ

What is CVE-2026-85594?

CVE-2026-85594 is a critical namespace isolation bypass in Traefik's Kubernetes Ingress provider that allows namespace-limited tenants to attach operator-managed middlewares to their services, potentially exposing backend credentials through middleware injection.

Is CVE-2026-85594 being actively exploited?

No, this vulnerability is not currently listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog and no public exploits are available, but it poses significant risk in multi-tenant Kubernetes deployments and should be patched proactively.

What versions of Traefik are affected by CVE-2026-85594?

All versions from 3.7.1 through 3.7.10 are affected; version 3.7.11 and later contain the fix.

How do I check if my server is vulnerable to CVE-2026-85594?

Run `traefik version` to check your installed version. If the output shows any version from 3.7.1 to 3.7.10 with Kubernetes Ingress provider enabled, your deployment is vulnerable.

Does Defensia detect CVE-2026-85594?

Yes — Defensia's CVE advisory scanner compares installed package versions against the NVD database. If Traefik is installed on a monitored server, CVE-2026-85594 will appear in your dashboard with remediation steps.

Related Traefik CVEs

CVE-2026-53622CVSS 10Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Versions prior to 3.7.3, 3.6.18, and 2.11.51 have a critical vulnerability in Traefik's HTTP/3 (QUIC) TLS configuration selection that allows unauthenticated clients to bypass router-specific mTLS enforcement. When HTTP/3 is enabled on an entrypoint, the TLS handshake selects the applicable TLS configuration through an exact, case-sensitive lookup on the SNI value, which fails to match wildcard host patterns (e.g., *.example.com) or case variants of the configured hostname. Because the handshake falls back to the default TLS configuration — which may not require client certificates — a client can complete the QUIC handshake without presenting a certificate, while the subsequent HTTP routing layer still dispatches the request to a backend protected by a router-specific mTLS policy. The issue affects deployments where HTTP/3 is enabled, a router uses a wildcard Host rule or case-insensitive hostname matching, a router-specific TLSOptions enforces client certificate authentication, and UDP access to the entrypoint is reachable by an attacker. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 3.7.3, 3.6.18, and 2.11.51.
CVE-2026-48491CVSS 10Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From 3.7.0 until 3.7.3, there is a high severity vulnerability in Traefik's domain-fronting protection (SNICheck) that allows an unauthenticated client to bypass mutual TLS enforced through wildcard router TLSOptions. When a router uses a wildcard host rule such as Host(*.example.com) with stricter TLS options (for example RequireAndVerifyClientCert), SNICheck resolves the TLS options for the HTTP Host header using exact map lookups only and never applies wildcard matching. If another permissive SNI is served on the same entrypoint, an attacker can complete the TLS handshake under the permissive options and then send an HTTP Host header targeting the wildcard-protected backend, reaching it without presenting a client certificate. This affects the regular HTTPS / HTTP-2 path and does not require HTTP/3. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.7.3.
CVE-2026-48020CVSS 10Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 2.11.48, 3.6.19, and 3.7.3, there is a high severity vulnerability in Traefik's StripPrefix middleware that allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass route-level authentication and authorization. When a public router matches on a PathPrefix rule and applies the StripPrefix middleware, a request path containing .. or its percent-encoded form %2e%2e can match the public route at routing time and then, after the prefix is stripped and the path is normalized, resolve to a path served by a separate, authenticated router. As a result, an attacker can reach protected backend paths — such as admin or internal configuration endpoints — without satisfying the authentication middleware attached to the protected router. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.48, 3.6.19, and 3.7.3.
CVE-2026-54763CVSS 10Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to v2.11.51, v3.6.22, and v3.7.6, Traefik's BasicAuth, DigestAuth, and ForwardAuth middlewares strip canonical-cased spoofed identity headers before writing Traefik's own value, but do not account for underscore-variant header names, which many backends normalize identically to dashed forms. An attacker able to reach a protected route can inject an underscore-variant header that survives Traefik's stripping and reaches the backend alongside, or on the unauthenticated ForwardAuth authResponseHeaders path instead of, the value Traefik intended to set, spoofing identity or authorization context. This issue is fixed in versions v2.11.51, v3.6.22, and v3.7.6.
CVE-2026-44774CVSS 9.9Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 2.11.46, 3.6.17, and 3.7.1, Traefik's Kubernetes Gateway API provider allows a tenant with HTTPRoute creation permissions to expose the REST provider handler, bypassing the providers.rest.insecure=false setting. The Gateway provider accepts any TraefikService backend reference whose name ends with @internal, making it possible to route traffic to rest@internal in addition to the intended api@internal. In shared Gateway deployments where the REST provider is enabled, this allows a low-privileged actor to gain live dynamic configuration write access to Traefik, enabling unauthorized reconfiguration of routers and services. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.46, 3.6.17, and 3.7.1.

References

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