critical CVSS 9.9 Actively exploited Public exploit available

CVE-2025-49113·PHP vulnerability

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is not validated in program/actions/settings/upload.php, leading to PHP Object Deserialization.

Severity
critical
Software
PHP
Fixed in
1.6.11
Published
2025-06-02

Affected versions

From: 1.6.0

Until: 1.6.11

Fixed in: 1.6.11

How to fix this CVE

Upgrade PHP and Roundcube Webmail immediately to version 1.6.11 or later to patch the unsafe deserialization vulnerability in the settings upload handler. This critical flaw allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code by manipulating the _from parameter, bypassing input validation. Apply security updates across all affected servers without delay, as active exploitation has been confirmed.

sudo dnf update php php-common php-cli php-fpm -y

Defensia detects this vulnerability

What an exploitation attempt looks like

Sample log line indicative of exploitation attempts:

POST /roundcube/program/actions/settings/upload.php HTTP/1.1.*_from=.*O:[0-9]+:"[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*":[0-9]+:{

WAF mitigation (if patching is not yet possible)

Add this rule to your WAF to block exploitation attempts while you schedule the patch. 

Block or sanitize POST requests to */settings/upload.php that contain URL-encoded serialized PHP objects in the _from parameter (pattern: O:[0-9]+:). Implement strict input validation to reject any _from parameter values that are not valid email addresses.

How to check if you are affected

  1. Check installed PHP version: php -v | grep -oP 'PHP \K[0-9.]+'
  2. Verify Roundcube version: grep -i 'RCMAIL_VERSION\|rcmail_version' /path/to/roundcube/program/include/iniset.php
  3. Search web server logs for POST requests to settings/upload.php with suspicious _from parameters: grep -i 'settings/upload.php' /var/log/apache2/access.log /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep '_from='
  4. Confirm patch applied: php -r "echo phpversion();" and verify against 1.6.11+ release notes

Indicators of compromise

  • POST requests to settings/upload.php with _from parameter containing 'O:' (PHP object serialization marker)
  • Roundcube process spawning unexpected child processes or shell commands
  • Unusual file creation or modification in Roundcube temporary directories (/tmp/roundcube*, /var/tmp)

FAQ

What is CVE-2025-49113?

A critical remote code execution vulnerability in Roundcube Webmail's settings upload handler that deserializes untrusted PHP objects when processing the _from parameter, allowing authenticated users to execute arbitrary code on the server.

Is CVE-2025-49113 being actively exploited?

Yes, this vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild and has been added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. Public exploits are available, making immediate patching critical.

What versions of PHP are affected by CVE-2025-49113?

Roundcube Webmail versions 1.6.0 through 1.6.10 are vulnerable. Version 1.6.11 and later contain the necessary patches. Earlier versions (1.5.9 and below) are also unaffected.

How do I check if my server is vulnerable to CVE-2025-49113?

Run: grep -r 'RCMAIL_VERSION' /path/to/roundcube/program/ and check if the version is between 1.6.0-1.6.10. Additionally, verify that program/actions/settings/upload.php has not been patched by checking for input validation on the _from parameter.

Does Defensia detect CVE-2025-49113?

Yes — Defensia's CVE advisory scanner compares installed package versions against the NVD database. If PHP and Roundcube are installed on a monitored server, CVE-2025-49113 will appear in your dashboard with remediation steps.

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References

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