critical CVSS 9.9

CVE-2025-68668·Python vulnerability

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. From version 1.0.0 to before 2.0.0, a sandbox bypass vulnerability exists in the Python Code Node that uses Pyodide. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the host system running n8n, using the same privileges as the n8n process. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.0. Workarounds for this issue involve disabling the Code Node by setting the environment variable NODES_EXCLUDE: "[\"n8n-nodes-base.code\"]", disabling Python support in the Code node by setting the environment variable N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false, which was introduced in n8n version 1.104.0, and configuring n8n to use the task runner based Python sandbox via the N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED and N8N_NATIVE_PYTHON_RUNNER environment variables.

Severity
critical
Software
Python
Fixed in
2.0.0
Published
2025-12-26

Affected versions

From: 1.0.0

Until: 2.0.0

Fixed in: 2.0.0

How to fix this CVE

Upgrade n8n to version 2.0.0 or later to patch the Python sandbox escape vulnerability in the Code Node. If immediate upgrade is not possible, disable Python execution by setting N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=false (available in v1.104.0+) or exclude the Code Node entirely with NODES_EXCLUDE environment variable to prevent authenticated attackers from running arbitrary commands on your system.

sudo dnf update python3

Defensia detects this vulnerability

How to check if you are affected

  1. Check n8n version: curl http://localhost:5678/api/v1/health 2>/dev/null | grep -i version or check package: npm list n8n | grep n8n
  2. Verify if Python Code Node is enabled: grep -E 'NODES_EXCLUDE|N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED' /path/to/.env or check active nodes in n8n UI under Settings > Community Nodes
  3. Search n8n audit logs for Code Node workflow executions: grep -i 'code.*node' /var/log/n8n/*.log or check database audit table for workflow_execute events with python or code node type
  4. Confirm remediation: Upgrade to n8n v2.0.0+ and verify with curl http://localhost:5678/api/v1/health 2>/dev/null | jq '.version' or npm list n8n

FAQ

What is CVE-2025-68668?

CVE-2025-68668 is a critical sandbox escape vulnerability in n8n's Python Code Node (using Pyodide) affecting versions 1.0.0 through 1.99.x. An authenticated user with workflow creation permissions can bypass sandbox restrictions and execute arbitrary shell commands with the privileges of the n8n process, potentially compromising the entire host system.

Is CVE-2025-68668 being actively exploited?

No, according to CISA KEV data, CVE-2025-68668 is not currently listed as actively exploited in the wild. However, the attack requires only authentication and workflow modification permissions, making it a significant risk for multi-user n8n deployments.

What versions of n8n are affected by CVE-2025-68668?

n8n versions 1.0.0 through 1.99.x are vulnerable. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 2.0.0 and later. Users on any version from 1.0.0 up to but not including 2.0.0 should take immediate action.

How do I check if my server is vulnerable to CVE-2025-68668?

Run: npm list n8n or docker exec <container> npm list n8n to check your installed version. If the version is between 1.0.0 and 1.99.x and Python Code Node is enabled (N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED not set to false), your system is vulnerable.

Does Defensia detect CVE-2025-68668?

Yes — Defensia's CVE advisory scanner compares installed n8n package versions against the NVD database and detects this vulnerability on any server running affected versions. If n8n is installed on a monitored server, CVE-2025-68668 will appear in your dashboard with direct remediation steps and workaround guidance.

Related Python CVEs

CVE-2026-33054CVSS 10Mesop is a Python-based UI framework that allows users to build web applications. Versions 1.2.2 and below contain a Path Traversal vulnerability that allows any user supplying an untrusted state_token through the UI stream payload to arbitrarily target files on the disk under the standard file-based runtime backend. This can result in application denial of service (via crash loops when reading non-msgpack target files as configurations), or arbitrary file manipulation. This vulnerability heavily exposes systems hosted utilizing FileStateSessionBackend. Unauthorized malicious actors could interact with arbitrary payloads overwriting or explicitly removing underlying service resources natively outside the application bounds. This issue has been fixed in version 1.2.3.
CVE-2026-34938CVSS 10PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, execute_code() in praisonai-agents runs attacker-controlled Python inside a three-layer sandbox that can be fully bypassed by passing a str subclass with an overridden startswith() method to the _safe_getattr wrapper, achieving arbitrary OS command execution on the host. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.
CVE-2026-32871CVSS 10FastMCP is a Pythonic way to build MCP servers and clients. Prior to version 3.2.0, the OpenAPIProvider in FastMCP exposes internal APIs to MCP clients by parsing OpenAPI specifications. The RequestDirector class is responsible for constructing HTTP requests to the backend service. A vulnerability exists in the _build_url() method. When an OpenAPI operation defines path parameters (e.g., /api/v1/users/{user_id}), the system directly substitutes parameter values into the URL template string without URL-encoding. Subsequently, urllib.parse.urljoin() resolves the final URL. Since urljoin() interprets ../ sequences as directory traversal, an attacker controlling a path parameter can perform path traversal attacks to escape the intended API prefix and access arbitrary backend endpoints. This results in authenticated SSRF, as requests are sent with the authorization headers configured in the MCP provider. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.0.
CVE-2026-28505CVSS 10Tautulli is a Python based monitoring and tracking tool for Plex Media Server. Prior to version 2.17.0, the str_eval() function in notification_handler.py implements a sandboxed eval() for notification text templates. The sandbox attempts to restrict callable names by inspecting code.co_names of the compiled code object. However, co_names only contains names from the outer code object. When a lambda expression is used, it creates a nested code object whose attribute accesses are stored in code.co_consts, NOT in code.co_names. The sandbox never inspects nested code objects. This issue has been patched in version 2.17.0.
CVE-2026-25632CVSS 10EPyT-Flow is a Python package designed for the easy generation of hydraulic and water quality scenario data of water distribution networks. Prior to 0.16.1, EPyT-Flow’s REST API parses attacker-controlled JSON request bodies using a custom deserializer (my_load_from_json) that supports a type field. When type is present, the deserializer dynamically imports an attacker-specified module/class and instantiates it with attacker-supplied arguments. This allows invoking dangerous classes such as subprocess.Popen, which can lead to OS command execution during JSON parsing. This also affects the loading of JSON files. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.16.1.

References

Track CVEs across your fleet automatically

Defensia scans your Linux servers and tells you exactly which ones are running vulnerable versions — including CVE-2025-68668. Free for 1 server.

Get started free